Characters.get('e', 0) tells python to search for The real key 'e' during the dictionary. If it's actually not observed it returns 0. Given that This really is The 1st time 'e' is passed with the loop, the character 'e' is not located in the dictionary however, Hence the get technique https://danteymwfn.blog2freedom.com/37220967/little-known-facts-about-weed-in-belfast